The purpose of this discussion is to apply pathophysiological concepts to a child presenting with dermatological dysfunction (urticaria). Related concepts will also be applied that includes alterations in immunity/inflammation, fluid and electrolytes, acid/base balance and pulmonary function. 

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to: 

1. Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in the dermatological system. (CO 3, 1)
2. Relate pathophysiological alterations in dermatological processes to the development, diagnosis and treatment of common skin disorders. (CO 4, 2)
3. Examine current evidence to support the management of patients who present with alterations in the dermatologic system. (CO 5, 3)

Due Date: 

The student must provide an answer to the graded discussion topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week. 

 Students must post a minimum of two times (response to peers) in the graded discussion. The two posts in the discussion must be on separate days.  Posting twice on two different days meets the minimum requirement.  For full credit, the student must post at least three substantive posts on three different days. In addition, students must respond to all faculty questions. 

 A 10% late penalty will be imposed for discussions posted after the deadline on Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT regardless of the number of days late. NOTHING will be accepted after 11:59pm MT on Sunday (i.e. student will receive an automatic 0). Week 8 discussion closes on Saturday at 11:59pm MT. 

 A 10% penalty will be imposed for not entering the minimum number/type of interactive dialogue posts OR not posting on the minimum required number of days. NOTHING will be accepted after 11:59pm MT on Sunday (i.e. student will receive an automatic 0). 

Total Points Possible:  100 points

Requirements:

A 12-year-old boy is brought to the office for evaluation of hives. He has no significant past medical history and no history of allergies. He has just joined the middle school soccer team and noticed that he gets hives about 10 minutes into practice. The hives are itchy and consist of irregular blotches on his legs and trunk, about 10–20 cm in size, and they persist for about 30 minutes. He does not experience swelling of the lips or oropharynx and denies any wheezing or shortness of breath. His physical examination is normal without skin lesions or oral swelling at that moment, and his lungs are clear. After evaluation, he is diagnosed with urticaria. 

1. Discuss the likely cause of the patient’s urticaria. 
2. Describe the cellular mechanism of urticaria and how it leads to the signs and symptoms experienced by the patient. 
3. Describe the relationship between the patient’s symptoms and the concept of inflammation. 
4. What pharmacological and non-pharmacologic treatment options are available?  
5. Discuss the complications of urticaria. 
6. What teaching would be appropriate to provide the parent and child about urticaria? 
7. Support your response with at least one current evidence based resource 

Solution:

Discuss the likely cause of the patient’s urticaria

Urticaria is a skin condition that results in raised and itchy rashes. The likely cause of the hives in the patient is physical exercise. As stated in the case scenario, the boy gets 10 minutes into practice and they persist for approximately 30 minutes. During the soccer, the boy could have reacted from excessive sweating, or clothes rubbing on the skin, which could have caused the breakout. Similarly, tyrosine kinase (ITAM) activates intracellular mechanisms, which cause the release of granules with preexisting mediators such as histamine that leads to symptoms of hives (Kudryavtseva, Neskorodova, & Staubach, 2019)…Please click the icon below to purchase full solution at $5